Reliable agentic systems · Playbook

The demo worked. Week six did not.

Seven plays that take one agentic workflow from a working demo to a system that survives customers, auditors, and on call. Prompts are persuasion. Harnesses are enforcement.

AuthorsRick Hightower, Chris Mathias
Published30 August 2026
Version1.0
Research areaAgent reliability
Cover of the Harness Engineering Playbook
Free field guide · 13 pages

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The 30 second read

Do not mix these four words.

Model intelligence + harness engineering = a usable agent
Agents + process orchestration + harness engineering = an agentic workflow
Agentic loop

Decide, act, observe, repeat until a goal or a stop.Can we name the stop?

Agent

An open loop. The model picks the next step.Do we need an open loop, or a route?

Agentic workflow

A fixed route. The engineer draws the path.Can we draw the path on one page?

Harness

The governed runtime around either shape.What is true even if the model argues?

Who this is for

Run this playbook if any of these is true

You own an agent, an agentic workflow, or a coding-agent rollout, and the room already recognizes at least one of these.

  • The demo worked. Week six did not.
  • Nobody can replay why the agent did what it did.
  • A prompt is the only policy.
  • Skills live in one engineer's laptop.
  • The agent grades its own "done."
  • The next session starts from zero.

Do not run this playbook if you only want a bigger model. The model is not the missing piece. Audience: a VP, a director, an engineering lead, and the operator who will live with the loop.

The cockpit

Six jobs the model cannot do

The harness owns these six. Put them in the runtime, not in the prompt. Treat it as a cockpit, not a cage: the measure is larger, longer, more autonomous work completed, not simply fewer crashes. Your framework hands you a loop. It does not hand you a harness.

JobBuyer risk if missingWhat you hold if present
Context assemblyThe window is not full and the agent still forgets.The model sees the right slice. Large output goes to a file. A short summary comes back.
Tool contractsWrong tool, wrong argument, silent side effect.Each tool says when not to use it. Policy lives in the contract.
MemoryStorage is not memory. The fact was in the store. The agent still bought the shrimp.Tiers of memory. Durable state across sessions. Retrieval you can audit.
ObservabilityGreen dashboards. Customers never booked.Outcomes and drift, not only uptime. Claims are not evidence. Files are.
RecoveryNaive retry books the same flight twice.Idempotency, checkpoints, last-known-good, replay.
OrchestrationSplit the work and pay 15 times the tokens.Scoped subagents. Human gates on irreversible actions.
Trigger Scoped action Verify GATE pass Exit fail: retry with the latest issues attached repeat fail: escalate or stop

Figure 1One pass of a governed loop. The runtime counts the retries. The model does not.

3.3×

Princeton held the model fixed in 2024 and changed only the interface. SWE-bench resolved issues rose from 3.8 percent to 12.47 percent. Same model. The cockpit moved the number.

Air Canada invented a fare. A support agent invented a device policy. A dealership bot sold a car for one dollar. A coding agent deleted a production database during a freeze.

Public incidents map to missing jobs, not missing models.

The seven plays

One move each, run on a real workflow

Do not start with a platform rewrite. Start with one loop. Every play names when to run it, who must be in the room, the work in order, the artifact you hold after Spillwave leaves, a check a skeptic can run, and what changes for the business.

PLAY 1Score the loopYou have a demo, a pilot, or a coding agent in daily use, and you cannot say what fails first.+
Who

The owner of the workflow. One engineer who has been babysitting it. One person who feels the cost or the risk.

Do this
  1. Pick one workflow. Not the platform.
  2. Score the 12 rows below. Use 0 absent, 1 partial, 2 enforced in the runtime.
  3. Circle the three lowest rows.
  4. For each low row, name what breaks, who complains, and what happens if this is still true in six months.
Client holds

A scored card and three named gaps.

Done when

Anyone in the room can point at the three gaps without a slide.

Outcome

You stop arguing about models. You have a shared list of missing controls.

PLAY 2Pick agent or workflowThe request is "build us an agent" and the path is still unstated.+
Who

Product owner. Engineering lead. The person who will approve irreversible actions.

Do this
  1. Draw the happy path on one page.
  2. Ask whether the model needs to choose the next step, or only fill a step you already named.
  3. If the path is a route, build an agentic workflow. If it is open ended, build an agent.
  4. Name the stop either way: goal met, max turns, budget, no progress, human gate.
Client holds

A one-page route or a written open-loop charter, plus named stops.

Done when

A new hire can tell agent from workflow in one sentence for this job.

Outcome

You buy the simpler shape when it is enough. You do not pay open-loop cost for a fixed route.

PLAY 3Install the harnessPlay 2 is decided and the loop still has no cockpit.+
Who

Engineering lead. Security or risk if the loop can spend money, change data, or talk to customers.

Do this

Put the six jobs above in the runtime, not in the prompt: context assembly, tool contracts, memory, observability, recovery, orchestration.

Client holds

A harness around the chosen workflow. Stops and budgets the model cannot talk past.

Done when

An irreversible action is blocked when the gate is off, even if the prompt says yes.

Outcome

You can operate the loop. You are not hoping the prompt behaves.

PLAY 4Turn know-how into skillsThe best engineer's session works and nobody else can repeat it.+
Who

The person who currently holds the procedure. The lead who must scale it.

Do this
  1. Name the procedure in one sentence.
  2. Write it as a skill: when to load, what to do, what not to do, how to check.
  3. Package tools and policy with the skill so more than one agent can share them.
  4. Version it. Put an owner on it. Run it from a second machine.
The distinction

An agent is the worker. A skill is the playbook that worker loads when the task starts. A skill is not a longer system prompt. It loads only when the task needs it, which keeps the window small.

Stakeholder tests
  1. Can a new hire's agent follow last quarter's best procedure?
  2. Can you change the procedure in one place and have every agent pick it up?
  3. Can you name who owns each skill, and when it last passed a check?
Client holds

Versioned skills and plugins for the workflow. Inventory the org can count, not heroics.

Done when

A second person runs the same skill and gets the same kind of result.

Outcome

Know-how survives vacation, attrition, and a new model.

PLAY 5Split maker and checkerThe agent writes the work and also declares the work done.+
Who

Engineering lead. Whoever owns quality or compliance.

Do this
  1. Name the maker. The maker produces the artifact.
  2. Name the checker. The checker cannot write the artifact it grades.
  3. Prefer a mechanical check where one exists: tests, schemas, compilers, linters.
  4. Use a separate judge with a fixed rubric only when no mechanical check exists.
  5. Cap the loop. The runtime counts retries. The model does not.
Five parts of a reliable loop
  1. A trigger you can name.
  2. Scoped actions. A worker cannot write what it is not allowed to write.
  3. Independent verification.
  4. Memory outside the window.
  5. Exit conditions.
Why independence carries the gain

Maker and checker are doctrine, not job titles. Self-check without an external signal can make results worse. A wish is an acceptance criterion that cannot fail a test. If the new tests are not red before the code exists, the loop stops.

Client holds

A maker path, a checker path, and a stop the maker cannot lift.

Done when

The checker has no write path to the work it grades, and a false "done" does not ship.

Outcome

Quality is a control. It is not a vibe.

PLAY 6Capture knowledge that compoundsEvery session re-explains the same decisions, research, and data.+
Who

The workflow owner. A knowledge owner if you have one. Rick and Chris on the graph design.

Do this
  1. Capture work in tickets, then fold it into decisions so tickets attach to features.
  2. Capture research so claims stay evidenced.
  3. Capture systems and data with lineage the reports can reuse.
  4. Bind retrieval so the agent reads the graph instead of guessing.
  5. Keep run memory in the harness so a restart does not amnesia the job.
Scope

Stand up the stack for this workflow only. Do not boil the company ocean. Self-improving loops write back into it: a judged finding becomes a claim, a closed ticket becomes a decision, and next week's agent loads that instead of a prompt you typed again.

Client holds

A small graph for the workflow, with owners, and an agent that can retrieve it.

Done when

A new session answers "why did we decide this" from the graph, not from Slack.

Outcome

The org compounds. The agent does not reset to zero.

PLAY 7Let it run when nobody is watchingPlays 3 through 6 exist in a supervised session, and you want the loop on a schedule or an event.+
Who

Engineering lead. On-call owner. Risk if the loop can act in production.

Do this
  1. Trigger on a real event, not on "someone typed go."
  2. Keep the same maker and checker split. Do not drop the checker to save tokens.
  3. Bound cost, turns, and wall clock. A stuck loop cannot run until the bill wakes you.
  4. Watch outcomes. A green host is not a booked customer.
  5. Keep last-known-good. A bad run must be reversible.
Client holds

A scheduled or event-driven loop with the same gates as the attended run.

Done when

You can point at a night or weekend run that stopped correctly, with a receipt.

Outcome

Autonomy is a decision with a perimeter. It is not a default.

Play 1, live

Score your loop

One workflow, twelve rows. Score 0 if the control is absent, 1 if partial, 2 if it is enforced in the runtime rather than requested in a prompt. Your total picks the play that runs first.

0 / 24
Not scored

Score the twelve rows and the playbook tells you where to start.

Horizon

30 days, then 90

Both windows are scoped to the one workflow you picked in Play 1. The plays run in order, and Play 7 waits until the attended loop is honest.

15-minute audit PLAY 1 Score the loop PLAY 2 Agent or workflow PLAYS 3 TO 5 Harness and split PLAY 6 Knowledge PLAY 7 Unattended gate: attended loop is honest first First 30 days By 90 days

Figure 2The typical sequence. One workflow the whole way through, never the platform.

First 30 days
  • Baseline the score.
  • Put a gate on one irreversible action.
  • Turn one tribal procedure into a skill.
  • Put work in flight into tickets the agent cannot hide.
By 90 days
  • One production loop with the maker and checker split.
  • Knowledge nodes for that workflow.
  • Someone other than the original author can extend the skill.
  • A metric you named in the audit has moved.
The audit

Fifteen minutes, one workflow, no deck

Bring the scorecard. Bring the workflow. The clock is the agenda.

MinutesWhat happens
0 to 2Agree to use this playbook. Pick the workflow.
2 to 6Name the three lowest rows. What breaks. Who complains.
6 to 10Impact in ranges. Incidents per month. Hours of babysitting. Revenue or brand at risk.
10 to 13Which play runs first. What 30 days can change.
13 to 15If there is fit, book a 45-minute working session on that workflow.

Questions we will ask: how many people touch the agent in production, what happens if this is still true in six months, who else must see a lift before you act, and whether a prompt-only fix has already been tried.

Who runs it

Rick and Chris, in the field

Spillwave helps leaders move past experiments and install real AI capability: harnesses, skills, knowledge, and training. Rick designs the harness, the skills, and the knowledge graph. Chris co-authors the operating model with your team in the field. They have worked together since 2003. They do not throw a deck over the wall.

Rick Hightower

Claude Certified Architect (CCA-F), member of the Anthropic Partner Network, and co-author of Manning's Harness Engineering for Production AI Agents. He built Skilz and helps run a large agent-skill marketplace, and teaches loop engineering and second-brain design. Earlier he shipped production systems as an approved vendor at Apple and the NFL, and as Senior Distinguished Engineer at Capital One on transaction intelligence and model governance. He has sourced and delivered enterprise work himself since 2003.

Chris Mathias

Rick's long-running Spillwave business partner and co-author of the Manning book. Rick hired Chris as a trainer in 2003, and they have designed and delivered together since. Chris is the field pair on the loops.

  • Oil and gas natural-language analytics with a deterministic checker on generated queries. That work became BookSurf and pulled the team into harness engineering.
  • Pharma consent-form generation with provenance, human sign-off, and drift tests before release.
  • Virtual subject-matter experts over code and regulation, with Slack escalation when the system cannot answer.
  • Resume scoring with a doer and a separate grader who do not share context.
  • Regulated banking personalization and model governance.

We do not sell a model. We sell the cockpit.

Next step

Which scorecard row did you score zero?

That row is the conversation. Bring your total and the row number, and we will run the fifteen minutes on one workflow. On LinkedIn, comment or DM PLAYBOOK or HARNESS for this file, and reply AUDIT with your score.

Sources